Large-scale automated hollow fiber bioreactor expansion of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for neurological disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases make up a large group of neurological diseases and remain one of the greatest challenges and burdens for humanity. Diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke or spinal cord injury are often associated with astrogliosis (astrogliosis) with symptoms of inflammation.
- The regenerative, paracrine and immunomodulatory properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) can affect the above components, thus opening up new therapeutic possibilities for regenerative medicine.
- Of particular interest are hMSCs derived from umbilical cord (UC) tissue due to their origin, properties and lack of ethical paradigms. The aim of this study was to establish standard protocols for good manufacturing practice ( GMP ) for the operational and large-scale isolation, characterization, expansion and comparison of the properties of UC-hMSC cells collected in T vials compared to use of a large-scale bioreactor system. .
- Human UC-hMSC, isolated by culture technique from Wharton’s Jelly explant, was collected at 75% confluence and cultured in tissue culture bottles. UC-hMSCs obtained before / after cryopreservation and after collection in the bioreactor were fully characterized in terms of immunomodulatory “mesenchymicity”, oncogenicity and genetic stability, aging and cell doubling properties and gene expression traits . Our study demonstrates an efficient and simple technique for increasing UC-hMSC.
- Collecting UC-hMSCs using classical and large-scale methods did not alter UC-hMSC aging, genetic stability or carcinogenicity in vitro. We observed comparable growth and immunomodulatory capacity of fresh, frozen and expanded UC-hMSC.
- We found no differences in the ability to differentiate towards adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages between classical and large-scale UC-hMSC expansion methods. Both methods made it possible to derive genetically stable cells with typical mesenchymal characteristics.
- Interestingly, we found that UC-hMSC grown in a bioreactor showed significantly increased levels of neural growth factor (NGF) mRNA expression and reduced levels of insulin growth factor (IGF), while IL4 , IL6, IL8,
- TGFb and VEGF expression levels remained at a similar level. Cultivation of UC-hMSC using a large-scale automated closed bioreactor expansion system under GMP conditions does not alter basic “mesenchymal” characteristics and cell quality.
- Our study was designed to pave the way for the translation of known basic research data on human UC-MSC into future clinical trials in patients with neurological and immunocompromised disorders.
- Industrial production of UC-hMSC will then be approved by regulatory authorities under the criteria for advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) prior to clinical use and approval for use in patients.
The relaxation factor of endothelial origin produced and released by the arteries and veins is nitric oxide.
- The aim of this study was to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) is responsible for vascular smooth muscle relaxation induced by endothelial-derived relaxation factor (EDRF). EDRF is an unstable humoral substance released by arteries and veins that mediates the action of dependent endothelial vasodilators.
- NO is an unstable, endothelium-independent vasodilator that is released by vasodilators such as nitroprusside and glyceryl trinitrate. We have repeatedly observed that the effect of NO on vascular smooth muscle is very similar to that of EDRF. In the present study, the vascular effect of EDRF released from a pulmonary artery and a perfused vein of cattle was compared with that of NO delivered by overflow through endothelial strips of cascading arteries and veins.
- EDRF was indistinguishable from NO as both were unstable (t1 / 2 = 3-5 s), inactivated by pyrogallol or superoxide anion, stabilized by superoxide dismutase, and inhibited by oxyhemoglobin or potassium. Both EDRF and NO produced a comparable increase in the cyclic accumulation of GMP in the artery and vein, and this cyclic accumulation of GMP was inhibited by pyrogallol, oxyhemoglobin, potassium and methylene blue.
- EDRF was chemically identified as NO or a labile nitrous species by two procedures. First, like NO, EDRF released from newly isolated aortic endothelial cells reacted with hemoglobin to form nitrosylemoglobin.
- Second, EDRF and NO similarly promoted the diazotization of sulphanilic acid and produced the same reaction product after coupling with N- (1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine. Therefore, EDRF released from an artery and a vein has biological and chemical properties identical to NO.
The cyclic GMP -AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway.
Providing epidemiological, virological and immunological parameters in HIV + patients defined as long-term progression (LTnP) may be the key to understanding the natural history of HIV disease and its therapeutic approach.
- The aim of this study was to identify factors that delay the onset of HIV-related symptoms in HIV-infected patients with low progression. We interviewed several people defined as LTnP according to the following criteria.
- Patients were asymptomatic with documented HIV infection for at least 8 years, had never been treated with antiretroviral therapy and had CD4 levels always above 500 / cmm. They were tested every 6 months for the following tests: virus isolation, viral strain characterization; Quantitative DNA-PCR; HIV p24 antigen in serum, plasma viraemia, neutralizing antibodies to autologous and heterologous primary isolates.
EGF GMP, CF |
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PR15112CF | Neuromics | 200 ug | 481.2 EUR |
SCF GMP, CF |
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PR15113CF | Neuromics | 50 ug | 1687.2 EUR |
IL-12 (Interleukin 12) GMP, CF |
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PR15128CF | Neuromics | 25 ug | 2391.6 EUR |
IL-11 (Interleukin 11) GMP, CF |
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PR15133CF | Neuromics | 50 ug | 4506 EUR |
BDNF GMP, CF |
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PR15134CF | Neuromics | 5 ug | 763.2 EUR |
Cyclic GMP Antibody |
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abx022640-02ml | Abbexa | 0.2 ml | 1128 EUR |
Cyclic GMP Antibody |
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GWB-BA5CC2 | GenWay Biotech | 0.2 ml | Ask for price |
Cyclic GMP Antibody |
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GWB-DFA25F | GenWay Biotech | 2 ml | Ask for price |
IL-2 (Interleukin-2) GMP, CF |
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PR15125CF | Neuromics | 50 ug | 1780.8 EUR |
sP-Selectin/GMP-140/CD62P/ Rat sP- Selectin/ GMP- 140/ CD62P ELI |
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ELA-E0569r | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | 1063.2 EUR |
GMPS Antibody / GMP Synthase |
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RQ6255 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 356.15 EUR |
Rat GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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ERG0345 | Abclonal | 96Tests | 625.2 EUR |
Goat GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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EGTG0345 | Abclonal | 96Tests | 625.2 EUR |
Human GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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EHG0345 | Abclonal | 96Tests | 625.2 EUR |
Mouse GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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EMG0345 | Abclonal | 96Tests | 625.2 EUR |
Bovine GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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EBG0345 | Abclonal | 96Tests | 625.2 EUR |
Canine GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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ECG0345 | Abclonal | 96Tests | 625.2 EUR |
Rabbit GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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ERTG0345 | Abclonal | 96Tests | 625.2 EUR |
Porcine GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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EPG0345 | Abclonal | 96Tests | 625.2 EUR |
Anserini GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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EAG0345 | Abclonal | 96Tests | 625.2 EUR |
GMP Human IL-15 Protein DMF Filed |
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GMP-L15H13 | ACROBIOSYSTEMS | 50ug | 6987.1 EUR |
GMP Human IL-21 Protein DMF Filed |
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GMP-L21H25 | ACROBIOSYSTEMS | 50ug | 8089.2 EUR |
NT-3 GMP, CF |
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PR15120CF | Neuromics | 5 ug | 700.8 EUR |
Wnt-3a GMP, CF |
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PR15121CF | Neuromics | 10 ug | 778.8 EUR |
Activin A GMP, CF |
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PR15122CF | Neuromics | 50 ug | 1984.8 EUR |
IL-17E (Interleukin 17E)/IL-25 GMP, CF |
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PR15129CF | Neuromics | 25 ug | 967.2 EUR |
IFN-gamma GMP, CF |
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PR15124CF | Neuromics | 100 ug | 1060.8 EUR |
TNF-alpha GMP, CF |
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PR15126CF | Neuromics | 100 ug | 1796.4 EUR |
Cyclic GMP EIA Kit |
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SKT-211-96 | Stressmarq | 1 plate of 96 wells | 568.8 EUR |
GMP Human IL-7 Protein DMF Filed |
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GMP-L07H24 | ACROBIOSYSTEMS | 50ug | 9523 EUR |
GMP Human SCF Protein |
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GMP-SCFH25 | ACROBIOSYSTEMS | 500ug | 2835.5 EUR |
Human GMP reductase 1 (GMPR) |
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1-CSB-EP339756HU | Cusabio |
|
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Human GMP reductase 2 (GMPR2) |
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1-CSB-EP873740HU | Cusabio |
|
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Cyclic GMP Standard, 125UL |
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C080-125UL | Arbor Assays | 125UL | 85 EUR |
Cyclic GMP Standard, 350UL |
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C080-350UL | Arbor Assays | 350UL | 207 EUR |
Cyclic GMP Standard, 625UL |
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C080-625UL | Arbor Assays | 625UL | 207 EUR |
Cyclic GMP Standard, 70UL |
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C080-70UL | Arbor Assays | 70UL | 85 EUR |
Anti- Cyclic GMP Antibody |
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GWB-FDE020 | GenWay Biotech | 1000 TESTS | Ask for price |
Anti-Cyclic GMP Antibody |
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28102 | Genovis AB | 200ul | 521 EUR |
Guinea Pig GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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EGG0345 | Abclonal | 96Tests | 625.2 EUR |
GMP Recombinant Human Interleukin-4 (IL-4) |
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GMPhuIL-4-50ug | Gentaur Genprice | 50ug | 528 EUR |
GMP-Fluorescein conjugate calibrator |
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13611-100nmol | AAT Bioquest | 100 nmol | 558 EUR |
M-CSF/CSF1 GMP, CF |
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PR15127CF | Neuromics | 5 ug | 512.4 EUR |
TGF-beta 1 GMP, CF |
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PR15131CF | Neuromics | 10 ug | 2031.6 EUR |
cGMP-Cyclic GMP- ELISA Kit |
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E-EL-0083-24Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 24 Tests | 150 EUR |
cGMP-Cyclic GMP- ELISA Kit |
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E-EL-0083-48Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 48 Tests | 396 EUR |
cGMP-Cyclic GMP- ELISA Kit |
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E-EL-0083-96Tests | Elabscience Biotech | 96 Tests | 495 EUR |
cGMP-Cyclic GMP- ELISA Kit |
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E-EL-0083-96Tests10 | Elabscience Biotech | 96 Tests *10 | 4950 EUR |
cGMP-Cyclic GMP- ELISA Kit |
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E-EL-0083-96Tests5 | Elabscience Biotech | 96 Tests *5 | 2475 EUR |
GMP synthase protein (His tag) |
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80R-2147 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | 446 EUR |
GMP Human IFN-gamma Protein |
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GMP-IFGH24 | ACROBIOSYSTEMS | 1mg | 214 EUR |
GMP Human TNF-alpha Protein |
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GMP-TNAH23 | ACROBIOSYSTEMS | 1mg | 363.8 EUR |
Recombinant Human GMP reductase 1(GMPR) |
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AP71078 | SAB | 1mg | 1978 EUR |
Recombinant Human GMP reductase 1 (GMPR) |
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CSB-EP339756HU | Cusabio | 3085 mg | Ask for price |
Recombinant Human GMP reductase 2(GMPR2) |
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AP71559 | SAB | 1mg | 1978 EUR |
Recombinant Human GMP reductase 2 (GMPR2) |
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CSB-EP873740HU | Cusabio | 4630 mg | Ask for price |
MAXgene® GMP Transfection Reagent |
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26406-1 | Polysciences Europe GmbH | 1L | Ask for price |
IL4 |
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E8ER1706-55 | EnoGene | 100ul | 275 EUR |
IL4 |
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cyt-211 | ProSpec Tany | 5µg | 60 EUR |
IL4 |
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E8ET1704-28 | EnoGene | 100ul | 275 EUR |
IL4 |
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CSB-CL011659HU | Cusabio | 10 μg plasmid + 200μl Glycerol | Ask for price |
GMP Reductase 1 Recombinant Protein |
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91-666 | ProSci | 0.05 mg | 651.3 EUR |
Recombinant Human Interleukin-2 GMP |
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HEILP-0202 | Cyagen | 5ug | Ask for price |
Recombinant Human Interleukin-3 GMP |
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HEILP-0302 | Cyagen | 5ug | Ask for price |
Recombinant Human Interleukin-4 GMP |
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HEILP-0402 | Cyagen | 5ug | Ask for price |
Recombinant Human Interleukin-6 GMP |
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HEILP-0602 | Cyagen | 5ug | Ask for price |
Recombinant Human Interleukin-7 GMP |
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HEILP-0702 | Cyagen | 5ug | Ask for price |
Recombinant Human Interleukin-10 GMP |
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HEILP-0110 | Cyagen | 5ug | 1585.09 EUR |
Recombinant Human Interleukin-15 GMP |
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HEILP-1502 | Cyagen | 5ug | Ask for price |
Recombinant Human Interleukin-21 GMP |
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HEILP-2102 | Cyagen | 5ug | Ask for price |
Recombinant Human Interferon-gamma GMP |
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HEIFP-0202 | Cyagen | 5ug | Ask for price |
Mouse GMP reductase 1, Gmpr ELISA KIT |
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ELI-43675m | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | 1038 EUR |
Human GMP reductase 1, GMPR ELISA KIT |
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ELI-27927h | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | 988.8 EUR |
Goat P- Selectin/CD62P/GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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QY-E140002 | Qayee Biotechnology | 96T | 495.6 EUR |
Goat P-Selectin/CD62P/GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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SL0007Gt | Sunlong | - | 528 EUR |
Human GMP reductase 2, GMPR2 ELISA KIT |
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ELI-31791h | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | 988.8 EUR |
Mouse GMP reductase 2, Gmpr2 ELISA KIT |
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ELI-08219m | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | 1038 EUR |
FGF-basic/FGF2 (146aa) GMP, CF |
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PR15116CF | Neuromics | 25 ug | 700.8 EUR |
Bovine GMP reductase 2, GMPR2 ELISA KIT |
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ELI-43676b | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | 1113.6 EUR |
ELISA kit for cGMP (Cyclic GMP) |
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E-EL-0083 | Elabscience Biotech | 1 plate of 96 wells | 452.4 EUR |
Anserini SP-Selectin/GMP-140/CD62P ELISA Kit |
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EAS0288 | Abclonal | 96Tests | 625.2 EUR |
NT-4 (Neurotrophin-4) GMP, CF |
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PR15132CF | Neuromics | 5 ug | 732 EUR |
Anti-Platelet GMP-140 (P-selectin/CD62) Antibody |
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50122 | Genovis AB | 100ug | 586 EUR |
GMP Human Flt-3 Ligand Protein |
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GMP-FLLH28 | ACROBIOSYSTEMS | 500ug | 4023.2 EUR |
GMP GENIUS™Nuclease DMF Filed |
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GMP-NUES19 | ACROBIOSYSTEMS | 5000KU | 2011.6 EUR |
Recombinant Human LR3 IGF-1 GMP |
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HEGFP-1203 | Cyagen | 5mg | 120.74 EUR |
DetectX® Cyclic GMP Antibody, 3ML |
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C078-3ML | Arbor Assays | 3ML | 218 EUR |
DetectX® Cyclic GMP Antibody, 3ML |
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C237-3ML | Arbor Assays | 3ML | 254 EUR |
DetectX® Cyclic GMP Antibody, 13ML |
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C078-13ML | Arbor Assays | 13ML | 1021 EUR |
DetectX® Cyclic GMP Conjugate, 3ML |
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C079-3ML | Arbor Assays | 3ML | 218 EUR |
DetectX® Cyclic GMP Antibody, 13ML |
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C237-13ML | Arbor Assays | 13ML | 1021 EUR |
DetectX® Cyclic GMP Conjugate, 13ML |
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C079-13ML | Arbor Assays | 13ML | 1021 EUR |
GMP Synthase (GMPS) (Center) rabbit polyclonal antibody |
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AP18037PU-N | Origene Technologies GmbH | 400 µl | Ask for price |
Human Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (MB21D1) |
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1-CSB-EP822726HU | Cusabio |
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Cyclic GMP CLIA Kit (High-Sensitivity) |
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SKT-210-96 | Stressmarq | 1 plate of 96 wells | 624 EUR |
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (CGAS) Antibody |
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abx128130-100l | Abbexa | 100 µl | 287.5 EUR |
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (CGAS) Antibody |
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abx128130-1ml | Abbexa | 1 ml | 825 EUR |
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (CGAS) Antibody |
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abx128130-200l | Abbexa | 200 µl | 362.5 EUR |
MAXgene® GMP Transfection Reagent, Powder |
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26435-1 | Polysciences Europe GmbH | 1g | Ask for price |
cyclic GMP sheep polyclonal antibody, Serum |
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AP05354SU-N | Origene Technologies GmbH | 2 ml | Ask for price |
Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 beta GMP |
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HEIMP-0102 | Cyagen | 5ug | Ask for price |
cyclic GMP rabbit polyclonal antibody, Serum |
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AP23444SU-N | Origene Technologies GmbH | 100 µl | Ask for price |
cyclic GMP rabbit polyclonal antibody, Serum |
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AP23444SU-S | Origene Technologies GmbH | 20 µl | Ask for price |
cyclic GMP rabbit polyclonal antibody, Serum |
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AP02086SU-N | Origene Technologies GmbH | 100 µl | Ask for price |
cyclic GMP rabbit polyclonal antibody, Serum |
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AP02086SU-S | Origene Technologies GmbH | 20 µl | Ask for price |
Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 alpha GMP |
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HEILP-0104 | Cyagen | 5ug | Ask for price |
Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor GMP |
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HEGFP-0504 | Cyagen | 5ug | Ask for price |
Guanosine-5'-monophosphate [GMP], disodium salt |
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GB0493 | Bio Basic | 5g | 101.76 EUR |
Rat alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E02A1879-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | 1524 EUR |
Rat alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E02A1879-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | 624 EUR |
Rat alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E02A1879-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | 822 EUR |
Pig alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E07A1879-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | 1524 EUR |
Pig alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E07A1879-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | 624 EUR |
Pig alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E07A1879-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | 822 EUR |
Dog alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E08A1879-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | 1524 EUR |
Dog alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E08A1879-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | 624 EUR |
Dog alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E08A1879-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | 822 EUR |
Rat alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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E01A10018 | BlueGene | 96T | 700 EUR |
Rat alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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CN-01743R1 | ChemNorm | 96T | 565.2 EUR |
Rat alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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CN-01743R2 | ChemNorm | 48T | 386.4 EUR |
Rat alpha-granular membrane protein(GMP-140)ELISA Kit |
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GA-E0686RT-48T | GenAsia Biotech | 48T | 380.4 EUR |
Rat alpha-granular membrane protein(GMP-140)ELISA Kit |
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GA-E0686RT-96T | GenAsia Biotech | 96T | 595.2 EUR |
Rat Alpha-granular membrane protein(GMP-140) ELISA Kit |
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NSL0965r | Sunlong | 96 Tests | 498 EUR |
Rat alpha-granular membrane protein(GMP-140)ELISA Kit |
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QY-E10966 | Qayee Biotechnology | 96T | 433.2 EUR |
Rat alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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SL0043Ra | Sunlong | - | 498 EUR |
Rat alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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YLA1068RA-48T | Shanghai YL Biotech | 48T | Ask for price |
Rat alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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YLA1068RA-96T | Shanghai YL Biotech | 96T | Ask for price |
Goat alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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E01A44937 | BlueGene | 96T | 700 EUR |
Goat alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E06A1879-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | 1524 EUR |
Goat alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E06A1879-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | 624 EUR |
Goat alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E06A1879-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | 822 EUR |
Goat Alpha-granular membrane protein(GMP-140) ELISA Kit |
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NSL1338Gt | Sunlong | 96T | 528 EUR |
Human alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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201-12-1116 | SunredBio | 96 tests | 528 EUR |
Mouse alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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E01A18759 | BlueGene | 96T | 700 EUR |
Human alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E01A1879-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | 1524 EUR |
Human alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E01A1879-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | 624 EUR |
Human alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E01A1879-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | 822 EUR |
Mouse alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E03A1879-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | 1524 EUR |
Mouse alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E03A1879-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | 624 EUR |
Mouse alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA kit |
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E03A1879-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | 822 EUR |
Sheep alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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E01A97230 | BlueGene | 96T | 700 EUR |
Human alpha-granular membrane protein(GMP-140) Elisa Kit |
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EK700167 | AFG Bioscience LLC | 96 Wells | 0.16 EUR |
Human alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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E01A1255 | BlueGene | 96T | 700 EUR |
Human alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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CN-04107H1 | ChemNorm | 96T | 548.4 EUR |
Human alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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CN-04107H2 | ChemNorm | 48T | 367.2 EUR |
Mouse alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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CN-02620M1 | ChemNorm | 96T | 577.2 EUR |
Mouse alpha-granular membrane protein,GMP-140 ELISA Kit |
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CN-02620M2 | ChemNorm | 48T | 398.4 EUR |
Human alpha-granular membrane protein(GMP-140)ELISA Kit |
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GA-E1132HM-48T | GenAsia Biotech | 48T | 346.8 EUR |
Human alpha-granular membrane protein(GMP-140)ELISA Kit |
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GA-E1132HM-96T | GenAsia Biotech | 96T | 559.2 EUR |
Mouse Alpha-granular membrane protein(GMP-140) ELISA Kit |
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NSL0985m | Sunlong | 96 Test | 528 EUR |
Immunoassay involves a large panel of monoclonal antibodies to characterize lymphocyte phenotype, cell proliferation with mitogen and antigens (tetanus toxoid; GMP C. Albicans, p24 and HIV gp160), HIV-specific cytotoxicity (env and gag), and rate of spontaneous cell mortality. Lymphocyte culture supernatants (stimulated with PHA) are collected to measure cytokines (IL2; IL4 ; IL10; gamma IFN) and T cell clones grown to characterize cytokine phenotype and pattern. Here we provide only a summary of the immunological data collected.